Ulcerative Colitis and Toxic Megacolon
April 23rd, 2006 by 
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Colon Detoxification » Causes & Diagnosis Diseases of the Colon
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ulcerative colitis and toxic megacolon
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory disease of the bowel, that usually affects the distal end of the large intestine and rectum. It has no known cause, although there is a genetic component to susceptibility.
Ulcerative colitis is similar to Crohn’s disease, but there are characteristic differences: ulcerative colitis is usually confined to the mucosa and submucosa, and affects whole areas of intestine. Crohn’s disease, on the other hand tends to be patchy, and affect more layers of intestine, being transmural in nature.
Features:
Chronic (6 months) of bloody diarrhea.
No infective cause of diarrhea found.
Inflammatory changes are mainly left sided or in the distal large bowel.
Disease variable in severity from patient to patient and time to time.
Significant risk of carcinoma after 10 years, which may in some cases require frequent surveillance biopsies or even prophylactic bowel removal.
Patients may have other auto-immune features and extra-bowel complications including but not limited to iritis, uveitis, episcleritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.
Prevalent in former smokers. Stopping smoking can cause a reduction in the protective mucus lining the colon. When this protective mucus is reduced, the bacteria in the colon can attack the colon lining causing the immune system to become active and fight the bacteria. For unknown reasons, this causes damage to the lining (ulcers) of the colon walls in one or more places. Resumption of nicotine either through patches or smoking can extend remission time although the benefits versus the other health risks of smoking are questionable.
Cause:
The cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown, although infective agents have been suspected, and there is a genetic component to susceptibility. Immune system over-activity has also been suspected as a cause.
Treatment:
Anti-diarrheal drugs (such as loperamide) should be avoided unless under specific doctors orders, as they can worsen the disease.
Anti-inflammatory drugs (such as sulfasalazine or mesalamine) can be used, and in severe cases steroids may be given.
Immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) have also been used as effective preventive medications.
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